Pollution: Types, Causes and Solutions | Land, Water, Air and Sound Pollution Explained

                                                       POLLUTION

There are four types of pollution :

1) Land Pollution

2) Water Pollution

3) Air Pollution

4) Sound Pollution

1)  LAND POLLUTION :

✏ Reason :

(1) In urban areas, solid household waste and sewage water are discharged onto the ground, resulting in soil contamination.

(2) Establishing industries on fertile and arable land leads to soil pollution.

(3) Leaving solid waste and contaminated water from industries on the ground causes soil contamination.

(4) Land is contaminated by excavation and construction activities.

(5) Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture degrades the soil.

(6) Polyethylene (plastic) bags thrown on the ground become extremely dangerous for the microorganisms that make the soil fertile.

(7) Contaminated water and solid waste are harmful to microorganisms. As the microorganisms present in the soil are destroyed, the fertility of the soil decreases. Over time, the soil becomes unproductive.

✏ Solution :

(1) Plastic and chemicals should be used only in moderation.

(2) Unproductive wasteland should be utilized as far as possible for establishing factories, industries and settlements.

(3) Organic and indigenous fertilizers as well as green manure should be used in agriculture instead of chemical fertilizers.

(4) Pesticides used to protect crops from pests and diseases should be used in sufficient quantities.

(5) Solid waste should be segregated and reused.

(6) Instead of throwing waste plastic and solid waste on the ground, it should be destroyed by burning or recycled and reused wherever possible.

(7) Drip and sprinkler irrigation systems should be used in agriculture.

2) WATER POLLUTION :

 ✏ Reason :

(1) Discharge of sewage from daily human activities and household waste into the open.

(2) Wastewater used for production processes in industries.

(3) Chemical-based contaminants used in dye-chemical industries water

 (4) Acid rain is caused by industrial fumes and gases mixing with rain.

 

(5) Accidents or leaks in mineral oil wells and mineral oil tankers.

(6) Chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture.

✏ Solution:

(1) Domestic sewage water should be discharged into a river or sea after removing the pollutants present in it through a sewage treatment plant.

(2) Contaminated water used in industries should be disposed of only after purification.

(3) The government should impose strict restrictions on wastewater disposal through law.

(4) The production and consumption of substances that pollute water should be controlled.

(5) New technologies should be developed to reduce or prevent water pollution and necessary remediation should be done.

3) AIR POLLUTION :

✏Reason

(1) Coal particles used as fuel.

(2) Carbonaceous fumes from factories and millsparticulate matter.

(3) Harmful gases such as nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, benzopyrene and carbon dioxide present in the exhaust fumes of petrol and diesel vehicles.

( 4 ) Dust particles due to mining and construction activities.

(5) Solid agricultural waste being burned.

(6) Toxic gases like ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced by the decomposition of animal excrement and dead bodies, rotten vegetables and fruits, stale food, etc.

(7) Refineries of metals like copper, lead, zinc etc. also emit sulfur dioxide gas.

✏ Solution:

(1) The government should make laws and strictly implement them to prevent air pollution.

(2) Devices that filter smoke and toxic gases should be developed.

(3) Coal and petrol-diesel should be used in very limited quantities.

(4) The use of pollution-free fuels like CNG and PNG as well as solar energy and electricity in vehicles should be encouraged.

(5) PUC should be strictly enforced for vehicles.

(6) Awareness should be spread so that people use public transport services more for travel.

(7) The amount of forests and vegetation should be increased to control the amount of CO in the air.

4) SOUND POLLUTION:

✏Reason:

(1) By the machines that make harsh and loud noises in the factory;

(2) By the whistling of vehicles and the sounds of their horns;

(3) by loud noises from cinemas, radio, television and loudspeakers;

(4) by the roar of jet planes and warplanes;

(5) by the shrill scream of a fire engine siren;

(6) Through the sounds of loudspeakers, bands, drums, and DJs playing at social and religious events;

(7) by fireworks used during festivals and inaugurations;

(8) Loudspeakers used at public events, election rallies, advertisements, etc.;

(9) Noise pollution is caused by the noise of breaking, dripping and rubbing in factories.

✏ Solution:

(1) I will have all the vehicles in my household serviced (repaired) at the appropriate time.

(2) I will play radio, television, mobile, musical instruments, etc. at a low volume.

(3) I will ask for the installation of sound-absorbing devices and curtains in cinemas and public auditoriums.

(4) I will not make unnecessary noise at social events, festivals, inaugurations or weddings, etc.

(5) Bursting of firecrackers in celebratory events and processions

(6) Strictly enforce 'No Horn' and 'Silence Zone' near places like schools and hospitals.

(7) I will try to control the noise of vehicles by planting trees around airports, industries and on both sides of the main roads of the city.